Overview
A neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development, present in two or more settings, with onset before age 12.
Diagnostic criteria overview
- Criterion a: six (or five for adults) symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity
- Criterion b: symptoms present in two or more settings
- Criterion c: clear evidence of functional impairment
- Criterion d: symptoms not better explained by another disorder
Symptoms
- Inattention: careless mistakes, difficulty sustaining attention, not listening, poor organisation, losing items, avoidance of tasks requiring sustained mental effort, easily distracted, forgetful
- Hyperactivity/impulsivity: fidgeting, leaving seat, running or climbing inappropriately, difficulty playing quietly, feeling “on the go,” excessive talking, blurting out answers, difficulty waiting turn, interrupting others
Impact on functioning
- Difficulty completing schoolwork or tasks on time despite understanding material
- Needs repeated reminders for daily routines
- Frequent conflicts with parents and teachers over organisation or compliance
- Difficulty maintaining attention during conversations or group activities
- Emotional outbursts in response to frustration or transitions