Overview
Difficulties in the development or use of speech, language, and communication skills that affect a child or young person’s ability to understand others, express themselves, or participate effectively in social and learning environments.
Diagnostic criteria overview
- Criterion A: Persistent difficulties in language acquisition and use across modalities (spoken, written, or other communication systems) Criterion B: Limitations in vocabulary, sentence structure, or discourse abilities Criterion C: Difficulties result in functional impairment in communication, learning, or social participation
Symptoms
- Delayed speech or language development
- Limited vocabulary or difficulty forming sentences
- Difficulty understanding spoken instructions
- Problems with pronunciation or speech clarity
- Challenges with social communication (e.g., turn-taking, understanding conversational cues)
Impact on functioning
- Difficulty following classroom instructions
- Reduced participation in classroom discussions
- Challenges forming and maintaining peer relationships
- Frustration related to communication difficulties
- Reduced confidence in speaking or engaging socially